Unit 10: World Power 1880-1920
Vocabulary
Treaty of Paris 1898
Approved by the Senate on February 6, 1898, it ended the Spanish-American War. The U.S. gained Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
Jingoism
Extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy. Its a country’s advocation of force or threats to protect its national interests.
American Anti-Imperialist League
A league containing anti-imperialist groups; it was never strong due to differences on domestic issues. Isolationists.
Imperialism
An unequal economic relationship between states or inside of an empire that is based on subordination, domination, and mercantilism.
Foraker Act
1900 - Established civilian government on the island of Puerto Rico, which had recently become a possession of the US.
Rough Riders, San Juan Hill
1898 - Theodore Roosevelt formed the Rough Riders (volunteers) to fight in the Spanish- American War in Cuba. They charged up San Juan Hill during the battle of Santiago. It made Roosevelt popular.

Committee of Public Information
An independent agency set up by the US government to influence public opinion about the US participation in WW1.
Industrial Workers of the World
An international union set up to unite workers into one class and abolish the wage system
Insular cases
Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens.
Benevolent Assimilation
A proclamation made by President William Mckinley which assured the Philippines that the interest of the US was to substitute justice and arbitrary rule into the Filipino government.
Bolsheviks
A factions of Marxist RSDLP which turned into the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and came into power after WW1.
Teller Amendment
April 1896 - U.S. declared Cuba free from Spain, but the Teller Amendment disclaimed any American intention to annex Cuba.
Platt Amendment
A rider to the Army Appropriations Bill of 1901, it specified the conditions under which the U.S. could intervene in Cuba's internal affairs, and provided that Cuba could not make a treaty with another nation that might impair its independence. Its provisions where later incorporated into the Cuban Constitution.
Open Door notes
September, 1899 - Hay sent imperialist nations a note asking them to offer assurance that they would respect the principle of equal trade opportunities, specifically in the China market.
Spheres of influence
Region in which political and economic control is exerted by on European nation to the exclusion of all others. Spheres of influence appeared primarily in the East, and also in Africa.
Philippine Insurrection
Emilio Aguinaldo (1869-1964) led a Filipino insurrection against the Spanish in 1896 and assisted the U.S. invasion. He served as leader of the provisional government but was removed by the U.S. because he wanted to make the Philippines independent before the U.S. felt it was ready for independence.
Boxer Rebellion
1900 - a secret Chinese society called the Boxers because their symbol was a fist revolted against foreigners in their midst and laid siege to foreign legislations in Beijing.
Roosevelt's Big Stick Diplomacy
Roosevelt said, "walk softly and carry a big stick." In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen. It was his foreign policy in Latin America.
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
1850 - Treaty between U.S. and Great Britain agreeing that neither country would try to obtain exclusive rights to a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. Abrogated by the U.S. in 1881.
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
1901 - Great Britain recognized U.S. Sphere of Influence over the Panama canal zone provided the canal itself remained neutral. U.S. given full control over construction and management of the canal.
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
1903 - U.S. guaranteed the independence of the newly-created Republic of Panama.
Doughboys
A term used for American soldiers during the Mexican- American War and WW1.
Panama Canal
Built to make passage between Atlantic and Pacific oceans easier and faster.
Gentlemen's Agreement
In 1907 Theodore Roosevelt arranged with Japan that Japan would voluntarily restrict the emmigration of its nationals to the U.S.
Portsmouth Conferance
Japan had attacked the Russian Pacific fleet over Russia's refusal to withdraw its troops from Mancharia after the Boxer Rebellion (1904-1905) War fought mainly in Korea. Japan victorious, the U.S. mediated the end of the war. Negotiating the treaty in the U.S. increased U.S. prestige. Roosevelt received a Nobel Peace Prize for the mediation.
Root-Takahira Agreement
1908 - Japan / U.S. agreement in which both nations agreed to respect each other's territories in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door policy in China.
Pan-American Conference
The 1884 nomination for the Republican presidential candidate. Pan-Americanism stated that events in the Americans affected the U.S. and we thus had reason to intervene.
Maine explodes
February 15, 1898 - An explosion from a mine in the Bay of Havana crippled the warship Maine. The U.S. blamed Spain for the incident and used it as an excuse to go to war with Spain.
Espionage Act; Sedition Act
Brought forth under the Wilson administration, they stated that any treacherous act or draft dodging was forbidden, outlawed disgracing the government, the Constitution, or military uniforms, and forbade aiding the enemy.
Roosevelt Corollary
U.S. would act as international policemen. An addition to the Monroe Doctrine.
Fourteen Points
Wilson's idea that he wanted included in the WWI peace treaty, including freedom of the seas and the League of Nations.
War Industries Board
The most powerful agency of the war, it had to satisfy the allied needs for goods and direct American industries in what to produce.
19th Amendment
1920 - 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote.
Food Administration
New regulations came into play for food companies. The Meat Inspection Act:
1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.

Normalcy
Harding wanted a return to "normalcy" - the way life was before WW I.
Self determination
After WW I, Germany, Eastern Europe and the western portion of the former Russian Empire split into new countries. Wilson wanted them to have their own governments.
Collective Security
An Article 10 provision of the League charter, it stated that if one country was involved in a confrontation, other nations would support it. Collective security is agreements between countries for mutual defense and to discourage aggression.
Irreconcilables
Borah, Johnson, LaFollette
Some Senators would have been willing to support the League of Nations if certain reservations were made to the treaty. The "Irreconcilables" voted against the League of Nations with or without reservations.

League of Nations
Devised by President Wilson, it reflected the power of large countries. Although comprised of delegates from every country, it was designed to be run by a council of the five largest countries. It also included a provision for a world court.
Big Four
Wilson, George, Clemenceau, Orlando
Leaders of the four most influential countries after World War I - U.S., Britain, France and Italy, respectively.

Treaty of Versailles
The Palace of Versailles was the site of the signing of the peace treaty that ended WW I on June 28, 1919. Victorious Allies imposed punitive reparations on Germany.


Important people:

Daniel DeLeon

DeLeon denounced populists because they believed in free enterprise

"Big Bull" Haywood

Haywood was the leader of the Wobblies ( International Workers for the World)

Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan

Served as Secretary of State under Wilson from 1913-1915, he resigned in protest of U.S. involvement in WW I.

Colonel House

He was openly pro-British and was sent to Europe by Wilson to mediate. He would tolerate no interference in matters of foreign policy.

Louis Brandeis

A lawyer and jurist, he created the "Brandeis Brief," which succinctly outlines the facts of the case and cites legal precedents, in order to persuade the judge to make a certain ruling.

LaFollette

LaFollette was a major leader of the Progressive movement from Wisconsin.

Diaz

Diaz was ruler of Mexico for 34 years, and caused much terror and bloodshed.

Huerta

Huerta, in 1913, overthrew Diaz as dictator and had him murdered

Carranza

Carranza was the leader of the forces against Huerta

Pancho Villa

Villa attacked Columbus, New Mexico to start a war between Mexico and the U.S.

General Pershing

Pershing was directed to follow Villa into Mexico. Pershing met with resistance and eventually left without finding Pancho Villa

Hughes

Charles Evans Hughes left the Supreme Court to challenge Wilson for the presidency in 1916

George Creel

he headed the Creel committee was in charge of propaganda for WWI (1917-1919). He depicted the U.S. as a champion of justice and liberty.

Bernard Baruch

Millionaire, he headed the War Industries Board after 1918.

Herbert Hoover

He led the Food Administration and started many programs to streamline food production and distribution

Eugene V. Debs

Debs repeatedly ran for president as a socialist, he was imprisoned after he gave a speech protesting WWI in violation of the Sedition Act.

Woodrow Wilson

President from 1912-1920, led america in WW1 and at the Versailles conference pushed for the fourteen points including the League of Nations

David Lloyd George

Britain’s representative at Versailles

Georges Clemenceau

France’s representative to Versailles

Vittorio Orlando

Italy’s representative to Versailles

Archduke Ferdinand

His assasination set off WW1

Kaiser Wilhelm

Leader of Germany during WW1

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge

Lodge was against the League of Nations, so he packed the foreign relations committee with critics and was successful in convincing the Senate to reject the treaty.

Borah, Johnson, LaFollette

Some Senators would have been willing to support the League of Nations if certain reservations were made to the treaty. The "Irreconcilables" voted against the League of Nations with or without reservations

Richard Olney

Secretary of state under Cleveland, he delivered a note to London criticizing Britain of flouting the Monroe Doctrine in its attempt to dominate Venezuela

Alfred T. Mahan

Wrote The influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783 which helped stimulate a navy race among the great powers

James G. Blaine

pushed for “Big Sister” policy which aimed at rallying Latin American countries behind the US and opening up their markets

Valeriano Weyler

A Spanish General that outraged the american public with his policies of herding cubans into concentration camps to crush the rebellion

Dupoy de Lome

The Spanish Minister who was forced to resign because of his criticism against the American President

Theodore Roosevelt

Fought in the Spanish American War with the “Rough Riders” in Cuba and later became President who pushed for progressive reforms

George Dewey

An Admiral who destroyed the spanish fleet in the Philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo

led the Filipino insurgents against Spain in the Spanish American War

John Hay

A Secretary of State that introduced the Open Door Policy to China

Marshal Foch

A french commander that led the Allies against the German offensive in the summer of 1918

Warren G. Harding

The Republican candidate for president in 1920

James M. Cox

The Democratic candidate for president in 1920


Author - Who created the source? What is their point of view?
Place and Time -Where and when was the source produced?
Prior Knowledge - What do you already know that would further your understanding of this sources?
Audience - For whom was the source created? Does this affect the reliability of the source?
Reason - Why was this source produced at the time is was produced?
The Main Idea - What is the source trying to convey?
Significance - Why is this source important?

APPARTS

Document A

Rough Riders.jpgA: Theodore RooseveltP: San Juan Hill, Cuba in 1898P: Cuba was fighting for Independence at the time of the Spanish- American WarA: Created for the American PublicR: The American public needed to see the valiance of Theodore Roosevelt and his "Rough Riders"T: Theodore Roosevelt and his infantry were fighting for Cuba's Independence and were victoriousS: Theodore Roosevelt was not a soldier nor did he need to fight for Cuba's Independence but he had the policy of "Big Stick Diplomacy"
Document Btr_bigstick_cartoon1.jpgA: Theodore RooseveltP: The Caribbean Sea during Spanish American WarP: European powers such as Spain were interested in territory in Central America and the CaribbeanA: European powersR: To demonstrate Teddy's "Big Stick Diplomacy" and to show Europe not to try and colonize anywhere near AmericaT: Teddy Roosevelt was keeping a close eye on the Caribbean and wouldn't allow any European country attempt to colonize itS: Summarizes Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy and reason for protecting the Americas from colonization
Document Crcb0035.gifA: R.C. BowmanP: Philippines during the US occupation in 1901P: The US was controlling the Philippines to get them ready for democracyA: American publicR: Produced to show how unsuccessful American efforts were at the time in the PhilippinesT: Teaching the Philippines how to self- rule was difficult and how it was like teaching young childrenS: Shows why America had to occupy the Philippines even though they believed themselves to be ready for self- rule
Document Dexternal image Fcart1s.jpgA: John McCutcheonP: America, 1914P: Europe was fighting in World War 1A: American PublicR: Exemplified that England was expecting immediate US assistance but they attempted to stay neutralT: The Neutrality Act required the US to not favor either side during World War 1S: If the US had never intervened and helped the allies then their victory may have been questionable
Document Eexternal image wpvd724u.jpgA: France, Italy, US, EnglandP: Europe in 1919P: Germany was not allowed to negotiate the terms of the Treaty of VersaillesA: American publicR: So that the American public could understand the forceful terms of the Treaty of VersaillesT: The four nations made sure that Germany paid for the bloodshed during WW1S: This is important because it explains the cause of Germany's rise and the lead to WW2 Document F
external image 3hP6Jo1bFQckWJr2v6N7OG64T_s8xQ8MN3md_buoqo8cC1yUzyAWRoF3T2O68VfZjt2FhktvjMPT1LzIQEM38-GnMp_S719a1tEvBNB5Ek6AYPrUQxw
A:unknown author
P: America after the Treaty of Versailles
P: When Wilson returned from the peace talks he faced resistance to his proposition of the League of Nations, because of fear that the the League would force the US into more European conflicts
A: the american public
R: to convince americans that the League of Nations would bind America to future conflicts
T: To convince americans that the League of Nations will be bad the US
S: If the US didn’t join the League of Nations then the it would fail with the rest of the Versailles treaty.

Document G

external image ZGvq1JnQNd9AwGRNn-mGKCPdCkRTKyha2ukOtNIowmCRiHITXp5WhV8rhHOYfZajmoagbQuZd5kGF6VtFHA3cxmMXZXLq9HdOJrsgIg6SLLiI92B31Q
A:Unknown author
P: America before the US entered WW1
P:America is highly suspicious of Germany due to pro-british propaganda and Germany's use of submarine warfare
A:the american public
R:To turn american opinion against Germany
T: To gain support for America entering the war on Britain’s side
S:Tensions between America and Germany got so high that America did enter the war

Document H


external image OPldIMRP4nW9zk_kBQD1aJdQdxtzD0_qORTQEVUeXMUteRj4mOPR1OeBBqr2kXklyi7ChhtvKNvPdDC6oD2w2bNbM7UZIUTt44NFsT2tRr9iqhc8YEk
A: Unknown author
P: America before america entered into WW1
P: Germany had been attacking many merchant ships with its submarine fleet to counter the british blockade
A: the american public
R: to push american opinion away from Germany
T: To get support for the US to enter the war
S: German submarines sinking american merchant ships led to the US entering the war on Britain's side

Document I
external image V4iHE59N1rmuzyfQt9pasrsT04EuOGAcVPoha4b3-UO89iZ5or9NDNCS3XzB0hWxVQvJMcvZXbMHwNXd9EKpAyUEn2V2kLr8GyAmHeCRSO-nnU5hfIk



A: unknown author
P: America when the US has entered the war
P: The US has entered the war against Germany
A: the american public
R: to get troops to enlist in the Army
T: To rally people to fight against Germany by making the Germans seem like brutes
S: Sending troops to help the Allies eventually leads to Germany’s defeat

Document J

external image 5HtkMhMvvbl3itYi4MNdeIMHxXmd2GMomXfYSio1K-hrj7INklPKlju3BcimITSEKNf-EI_VfBLTxH3Gf6ZR3kHpUeKKMxgYLub15NyuhjwBHUFIMp0
A: unknown author
P: America during WW!
P: America has entered the war and is trying to get as many resources as possible
A: american public
R: the US government is trying to get people motivated to fight the war
T: Appeal to the patriotic duty of americans to get them either working of fighting
S: With US help the Allies were able to stop the Germans and force them to surrender


FRQ:
1. Even though the U.S. was officially neutral, it clearly leaned towards Britain and its allies rather than Germany. Was this the best policy for the United States or should it had found a way to be neutral to both sides?


  • the amount of pro british propaganda in th US
  • how would the war hve been different if the US hd stayed nuetral
2. The Germans use of unrestricted submarine warfare and the discovery of the Zimmerman note caused the U.S. to go to war. However, the U.S. was supplying Britain and its allies heavily, causing many German deaths. Did Germany force the U.S. into the war or did the U.S. force germany to take the actions it did?
  • The amount of ammunition being sent to Britain
  • the US supported Britain even though the british also siezed american merchant ships
3. What were the intentions of the U.S. while occupying the Philippines? Were they ever truly interested in bringing democratic rule to their government or were they just taking advantage of a weaker nation?

  • President McKinley used benevolent assimilation to blind the Filipino people with promises of freedom
  • Even though the Philippines felt they were ready to be independent, the US government kicked Emilio Aguinaldo out of power because they felt the Philippines were not ready


Video Links

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKzZ1OwPXgk
__http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAokMi4k9Mo__

Website Links

http://www.firstworldwar.com/ -a gallery of the first world war and a list of important events for the US in the war
http://www.canalmuseum.com/ - a gallery and description of the building and use of the panama canal
http://www.philippinecountry.com/philippine_history/american_period.html -a detailed history of the time America spent occupying the Philippines
__http://www.worldwar-1.net/world-war-1-timelines/world-war-1-1917/world-war-1-1917-index.htm__-a time line of America’s involvment in the war __http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/snpwwi1.htm__- a good overview of major events fot the US during WW1